The essential roles of human adipose tissue: Metabolic, thermoregulatory, cellular, and paracrine effects

IntroductionOver the past decade, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/signaling/stromal cell (ADSC) therapies have become increasingly popular as a biologic treatment for variety of orthopedic conditions. ADSCs represent source stromal cells with properties that allow paracrine and immunomodulatory functions ability to differentiate into various downstream cellular tissues. Before considering use adipose tissue source, it is imperative understand its anatomy physiology roles in body.ObjectivesTo review current literature regarding anatomy, physiology, tissue, well harvesting techniques role therapy.MethodsA comprehensive included searches PubMed, medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar database(s), including both preclinical clinical studies, was performed.ResultsThis manuscript represents an updated understanding body, perivascular renewal, addition providing cushioning support structures.ConclusionAdipose widespread throughout body serves multiple physiologic functions. It can be harvested through several abundant bioactive molecules ADSCs. Research surgery has begun using homologous non-homologous applications. Future study will continue investigate optimal sources tissues, therapeutic applications orthopedics.